Abstract The correct identification of basic emotions (joy, fear, disgust, sadness, surprise and anger) plays an important role in social relationships and behaviors linked to one's survival. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the ability to recognize emotions may already be impaired at early stages of the disease. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to carry out a systematic review of the literature on facial emotional recognition in people with AD, identifying possible modulating variables. A search on the Web of Science and PsycInfo databases was carried out. After applying the inclusion-exclusion criteria, a total of 28 articles were selected. Static images were the most used stimuli to evaluate the recognition of basic emotions, especially the photographs developed by Paul Ekman and collaborators. Results of the present review indicate that people with AD generally display deficits in emotional recognition, although data are not conclusive, which could be related to the diversity of methodologies applied. In relation to the variables evaluated (sex and age), the need of further research in order to study how these factors could modulate emotional recognition in AD patients is highlighted.

Resumen La correcta identificación de las emociones básicas (alegría, miedo, asco, tristeza, sorpresa e ira) desempeña un importante papel en las relaciones sociales y conductas ligadas a la propia supervivencia. En la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) la capacidad de reconocimiento emocional podría estar ya alterada en fases iniciales. Por ello, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura acerca del reconocimiento emocional en personas con EA, identificando posibles variables moduladoras. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Web of Science y PsycINFO. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión-exclusión se seleccionaron un total de 28 artículos. Las imágenes estáticas fueron los estímulos más utilizados para evaluar el reconocimiento de las emociones básicas, especialmente las fotografías desarrolladas por Paul Ekman y colaboradores. Los resultados de la revisión indican que las personas con EA generalmente muestran déficit del reconocimiento emocional, aunque los datos no son concluyentes. Ello podría estar relacionado con la diversidad de metodologías aplicadas. En relación con las variables evaluadas (sexo y edad) se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de futuras investigaciones que estudien de forma sistemática cómo estos factores pueden modular el reconocimiento emocional en pacientes con EA.

Resumo Introdução: À medida que o conhecimento científico cresceu em biomedicina, também se tornou necessário o desenvolvimento de ferramentas para gerenciar e entender o corpo de evidências. Nesse sentido, a bibliometria tornou-se uma disciplina consolidada para a análise da atividade científica, possibilita a caracterização de um campo ou área de conhecimento específica através da quantificação das características bibliográficas das publicações científicas. Objetivo: Determinar os artigos mais citados na área de rinorreia e otorreia por líquido cefalorraquidiano. Método: As buscas foram feitas na plataforma Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, que inclui o banco de dados Medline. O período do estudo foi limitado a 1945–2018. Resultados: Os 101 artigos mais citados no campo da fístula liquórica foram publicados em 36 periódicos e as especialidades mais importantes que contribuíram para a literatura foram a neurocirurgia e a otorrinolaringologia. Dos 101 artigos mais citados, 70% foram publicados de 1990 a 2018, com dois períodos de alta produtividade científica: 1990 a 1999 e 2000 a 2009. No primeiro período, o principal tópico de interesse da pesquisa foi a cirurgia endoscópica do seio para fístulas liquóricas, enquanto de 2000 a 2009 os artigos se concentraram mais nos aspectos cirúrgicos das abordagens estendidas da base do crânio. Os artigos receberam 73 a 767 citações. O artigo principal, durante todo o período do estudo, foi ‘‘Uma nova técnica reconstrutiva após abordagens endonasais expandidas endoscópicas: retalho nasoseptal do pedículo vascular’’, de Hadad et al., publicado em 2006 no periódico Laryngoscope. Sua publicação representou um ponto de inflexão na literatura sobre fístula liquórica e cirurgia endoscópica da base do crânio e deu origem a inúmeras outras publicações de pesquisa. Conclusão: Diferentes inovações cirúrgicas no campo da fístula liquórica desencadearam dois períodos diferentes de intensa atividade científica. Otorrinolaringologia e neurocirurgia foram as especialidades dominantes. O tópico mais frequentemente estudado foi cirurgia endoscópica; outros incluíram características clínicas e de diagnóstico, cirurgia de neurinoma e fístula liquórica relacionado a fraturas do osso temporal.

Abstract Introduction: As scientific knowledge has grown in biomedicine, it has also become necessary to develop tools to manage and understand the body of evidence. In that sense, bibliometrics has become a consolidated discipline for analyzing scientific activity, enabling the characterization of a particular field or area of knowledge by means of the quantification of the bibliographic characteristics of scientific publications. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the most frequently cited articles in the field of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea. Methods: The searches took place on the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science platform, which includes the MEDLINE database. The study period was limited to 1945–2018. Results: The 101 most cited articles in the field of cerebrospinal fluid leak were published in 36 journals, and the most important specialties contributing to the literature were neurosurgery and otorhinolaryngology. Of the 101 top-cited articles, 70% were published from 1990 to 2018, with two distinct periods of high scientific productivity: 1990–1999 and 2000–2009. In the first period, the main topic of research interest was endoscopic sinus surgery for cerebrospinal fluid fistulas, whereas from 2000 to 2009, documents focused more on surgical aspects of extended skull base approaches. The articles received 73–767 citations. The top article over the whole study period was ‘‘A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches: vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap’’ by Hadad et al., which was published 2006 in Laryngoscope. Its publication represented an inflection point in the literature on cerebrospinal fluid leak and endoscopic skull base surgery, and it gave rise to numerous other research publications. Conclusion: Different surgical innovations in the field of cerebrospinal fluid leak sparked two different periods of intense scientific activity. Otorhinolaryngology and neurosurgery were the dominant specialties. The most frequent topic studied was endoscopic surgery; others included clinical and diagnostic features, neurinoma surgery, and cerebrospinal fluid leak related to temporal bone fractures.

Publications are often used as a measure of research work success. Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type 1 and 2 are human retroviruses, which were discovered in the early 1980s, and it is estimated that 15-20 million people are infected worldwide. This article describes a bibliometric review and a coauthorship network analysis of literature on HTLV indexed in PubMed in a 24-year period. A total of 7,564 documents were retrieved, showing a decrease in the number of documents from 1996 to 2007. HTLV manuscripts were published in 1,074 journals. Japan and USA were the countries with the highest contribution in this field (61%) followed by France (8%). Production ranking changed when the number of publications was normalized by population (Dominican Republic and Japan), by gross domestic product (Guinea-Bissau and Gambia), and by gross national income per capita (Brazil and Japan). The present study has shed light on some of the defining features of scientific collaboration performed by HTLV research community, such as the existence of core researchers responsible for articulating the development of research in the area, facilitating wider collaborative relationships and the integration of new authors in the research groups.

Objectives: Evaluate the production and the research collaborative network on Leishmaniasis in South America. Methods: A bibliometric research was carried out using SCOPUS database. The analysis unit was original research articles published from 2000 to 2011, that dealt with leishmaniasis and that included at least one South American author. The following items were obtained for each article: journal name, language, year of publication, number of authors, institutions, countries, and others variables. Results: 3,174 articles were published, 2,272 of them were original articles. 1,160 different institutional signatures, 58 different countries and 398 scientific journals were identified. Brazil was the country with more articles (60.7%) and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) had 18% of Brazilian production, which is the South American nucleus of the major scientific network in Leishmaniasis. Conclusions: South American scientific production on Leishmaniasis published in journals indexed in SCOPUS is focused on Brazilian research activity. It is necessary to strengthen the collaboration networks. The first step is to identify the institutions with higher production, in order to perform collaborative research according to the priorities of each country.

Objetivos: Evaluar la producción y la red de colaboración de investigación sobre leishmaniasis en Sudamérica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico usando la base de datos SCOPUS. La unidad de análisis fueron los artículos originales de investigación publicados desde el año 2000 hasta 2011, realizados sobre leishmaniasis y que incluyeron al menos un autor sudamericano. Se obtuvieron para cada artículo: nombre de la revista, idioma, año de publicación, número de autores, instituciones, países y otras variables. Resultados: 3174 artículos fueron publicados, 2.272 de ellos eran artículos originales. Se identificaron 1.160 firmas institucionales diferentes, 58 países y 398 revistas científicas. Brasil fue el país con más artículos (60,7%) y la Fundación Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) tuvo 18% de la producción brasileña, convirtiéndose en el núcleo Sudamericano de la mayor red científica de Leishmaniasis. Conclusiones: La producción científica de Sudamérica sobre Leishmaniasis publicada en revistas indexadas en SCOPUS se centra en la actividad de la investigación brasileña. Es necesario fortalecer las redes de colaboración, el primer paso para ello es la identificación de las instituciones con mayor producción con el fin de llevar a cabo la investigación en colaboración de acuerdo con las prioridades de cada país.

A bibliometric study was carried out to describe the scientific production on cancer written by peruvians and published in international health journals, as well as to assess the scientific collaboration networks. It included articles on cancer written in Peru between the years 2000 and 2011 and published in health journals indexed in SCOPUS or Science Citation Index Expanded. In the 358 articles identified, an increase in the production was seen, from 4 articles in 2000 to 57 in 2011.The most studied types were cervical cancer (77 publications); breast cancer (53), and gastric cancer (37). The National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) was the most productive institution (121 articles) and had the highest number of collaborations (180 different institutions). 52 clinical trials were identified, 29 of which had at least one author from INEN. We can conclude that, cancer research is increasing in Peru, the INEN being the most productive institution, with an important participation in clinical trials

Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico para describir la producción científica peruana en cáncer en revistas de visibilidad internacional, y evaluar las redes de colaboración científica. Se incluyó los artículos publicados sobre cáncer hechos en Perú en el periodo 2000 a 2011 en revistas indizadas en SCOPUS o Science Citation Index Expanded. Se identificaron 358 artículos, evidenciándose un incremento en la producción de cuatro artículos en el 2000 a 57 en el 2011. Los cánceres más estudiados fueron los de cuello uterino (77 publicaciones); mama (53), y estómago (37). El Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) fue la institución más productiva (121 artículos) y con mayor número de colaboraciones (180 instituciones distintas). Se identificaron 52 ensayos clínicos, 29 con al menos un autor del INEN. En conclusión, la investigación en cáncer en Perú se está incrementando, el INEN es la institución más productiva, con importante participación en ensayos clínicos

A bibliometric study was carried out to describe the scientific production on cancer written by peruvians and published in international health journals, as well as to assess the scientific collaboration networks. It included articles on cancer written in Peru between the years 2000 and 2011 and published in health journals indexed in SCOPUS or Science Citation Index Expanded. In the 358 articles identified, an increase in the production was seen, from 4 articles in 2000 to 57 in 2011.The most studied types were cervical cancer (77 publications); breast cancer (53), and gastric cancer (37). The National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) was the most productive institution (121 articles) and had the highest number of collaborations (180 different institutions). 52 clinical trials were identified, 29 of which had at least one author from INEN. We can conclude that, cancer research is increasing in Peru, the INEN being the most productive institution, with an important participation in clinical trials

Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico para describir la producción científica peruana en cáncer en revistas de visibilidad internacional, y evaluar las redes de colaboración científica. Se incluyó los artículos publicados sobre cáncer hechos en Perú en el periodo 2000 a 2011 en revistas indizadas en SCOPUS o Science Citation Index Expanded. Se identificaron 358 artículos, evidenciándose un incremento en la producción de cuatro artículos en el 2000 a 57 en el 2011. Los cánceres más estudiados fueron los de cuello uterino (77 publicaciones); mama (53), y estómago (37). El Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) fue la institución más productiva (121 artículos) y con mayor número de colaboraciones (180 instituciones distintas). Se identificaron 52 ensayos clínicos, 29 con al menos un autor del INEN. En conclusión, la investigación en cáncer en Perú se está incrementando, el INEN es la institución más productiva, con importante participación en ensayos clínicos

Chagas disease is a chronic, tropical, parasitic disease, endemic throughout Latin America. The large-scale migration of populations has increased the geographic distribution of the disease and cases have been observed in many other countries around the world. To strengthen the critical mass of knowledge generated in different countries, it is essential to promote cooperative and translational research initiatives. We analyzed authorship of scientific documents on Chagas disease indexed in the Medline database from 1940 to 2009. Bibliometrics was used to analyze the evolution of collaboration patterns. A Social Network Analysis was carried out to identify the main research groups in the area by applying clustering methods. We then analyzed 13,989 papers produced by 21,350 authors. Collaboration among authors dramatically increased over the study period, reaching an average of 6.2 authors per paper in the last five-year period. Applying a threshold of collaboration of five or more papers signed in co-authorship, we identified 148 consolidated research groups made up of 1,750 authors. The Chagas disease network identified constitutes a "small world," characterized by a high degree of clustering and a notably high number of Brazilian researchers.

La enfermedad de Chagas es una enfermedad parasitaria tropical, endémica en muchos países y regiones de América, si bien, los movimientos de población han incrementado su distribución geográfica y se han constatado casos en muchos países del mundo. En este sentido, resulta fundamental promover iniciativas de investigación cooperativas y transnacionales, con el propósito de aunar la masa crítica de conocimiento generada en los diferentes países. Se estudian las publicaciones científicas sobre la enfermedad de Chagas recogidas en la base de datos Medline entre 1940 y 2009. Mediante indicadores bibliométricos se han analizado los patrones de colaboración y se ha efectuado un Análisis de Redes Sociales para identificar los principales grupos de investigación. Se han analizado 13.989 documentos publicados por 21.350 autores. La evolución de la colaboración ha experimentado un notable crecimiento, alcanzando un promedio de 6,2 autores por trabajo en el último quinquenio. Aplicando un umbral de colaboración de 5 o más trabajos firmados en coautoría, se han identificado 148 grupos de investigación conformados por 1.750 autores. La red de Chagas identificada conforma un 'mundo pequeño' con un elevado grado de agrupamiento, destacando el elevado número de investigadores brasileños.

We analysed the production, impact factor of, and scientific collaboration involved in viticulture and oenology articles associated with South African research centres published in international journals during the period 1990-2009. The articles under scrutiny were obtained from the Science Citation Index database, accessed via the Web of Knowledge platform. The search strategy employed specific viticulture and oenology terms and was restricted to the field 'topic'. The results showed that 406 articles were published during the review period, with the most number of publications being in the South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture (n = 34), American Journal of Enology and Viticulture (n = 16) and Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (n = 16). The articles were published by 851 authors from 236 institutions. The collaboration rate was 3.7 authors per article, having grown over the two decades examined. The most productive institutions (i.e. those receiving a greater number of citations) were Stellenbosch University (219 published articles and 2592 citations) and the Agricultural Research Council (49 published articles and 454 citations), both from South Africa. Graphical representation of co-authorship networks identified 18 groups of authors and a single network of institutions whose core is Stellenbosch University. In conclusion, we have identified a significant growth in South African viticulture and oenology research in recent years, with a high degree of internationalisation and a constant level of domestic collaboration.

INTRODUÇÃO: Publicações são frequentemente utilizadas como uma medida de sucesso do trabalho de pesquisa. A doença de Chagas (DCh) ocorre na América Central e do Sul. Porém, durante os últimos anos, a doença tem ocorrido fora da América Latina, devido à migração das zonas endêmicas. Este artigo descreve uma análise bibliométrica da literatura sobre as pesquisas da doença de Chagas indexadas no PubMed, durante um período de 70 anos. MÉTODOS: O Medline foi usado através do serviço online da US PubMed da National Library of Medicine de 1940 a 2009. A estratégia de busca foi: Chagas disease [MeSH] OR Trypanosoma cruzi [MeSH]. RESULTADOS: Um total de 13.989 referências foi recuperado. O número de publicações aumentou de forma constante com 1.361 (1940-1969) para 5.430 (2000-2009) (coeficiente de determinação para o ajuste linear, R² = 0, 910). Oito revistas contiveram 25% da literatura sobre a DCh. Um total de 64,2% das publicações veio de países endêmicos. O Brasil foi o predominante (37%), seguido pelos Estados Unidos da América (17,6%) e Argentina (14%). O ranking da produção foi alterado, quando o número de publicações foi normalizado por casos estimados da doença de Chagas (Panamá e Uruguai), população (Argentina e Uruguai), e Produto Interno Bruto (Bolívia e Brasil). CONCLUSÕES: Vários países da América Latina com uma prevalência não muito elevada de infecção pelo T. cruzi foram os principais produtores, após ajuste para os índices econômicos e populacionais. Os países com mais casos estimados da DCh produziu menos pesquisas em doença de Chagas que alguns países desenvolvidos.

INTRODUCTION: Publications are often used as a measure of success in research work. Chagas disease occurs in Central and Southern America. However, during the past years, the disease has been occurring outside Latin America due to migration from endemic zones. This article describes a bibliometric review of the literature on Chagas disease research indexed in PubMed during a 70-year period. METHODS: Medline was used via the PubMed online service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine from 1940 to 2009. The search strategy was: Chagas disease [MeSH] OR Trypanosoma cruzi [MeSH]. RESULTS: A total of 13,989 references were retrieved. The number of publications increased steadily over time from 1,361 (1940-1969) to 5,430 (2000-2009) (coefficient of determination for linear fit, R²=0.910). Eight journals contained 25% of the Chagas disease literature. Of the publications, 64.2% came from endemic countries. Brazil was the predominant country (37%), followed by the United States (17.6%) and Argentina (14%). The ranking in production changed when the number of publications was normalized by estimated cases of Chagas disease (Panama and Uruguay), population (Argentina and Uruguay), and gross domestic product (Bolivia and Brazil). CONCLUSIONS: Several Latin American countries, where the prevalence of T. cruzi infection was not very high, were the main producers of the Chagas disease literature, after adjusting for economic and population indexes. The countries with more estimated cases of Chagas disease produced less research on Chagas disease than some developed countries.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of scientific collaboration and the visibility generated by coauthorship of articles on smoking among different countries on a world-wide basis through the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-expanded) from 1999 to 2003. Material and methods: We selected articles on smoking resulting from collaboration among different countries in the SCI-Expanded (1999-2003). The underlying networks of collaboration among countries were analyzed by comparing production (number of articles published), visibility (number of citations received) and centrality (node degree, intermediation and proximity). Results: A total of 3,484 articles were obtained, in which 5,008 institutions from 79 countries participated. The most productive country was the United Kingdom, with Germany and France in the second and third places. The United Kingdom also published the largest number of articles with inter-institutional collaboration (570 articles), with the USA and Germany in second and third places. The USA published the largest number of articles with international collaboration with the United Kingdom and France in the second and third places. All countries received a greater number of citations for articles resulting from international and inter-institutional collaboration than for those performed without collaboration. Networks of collaboration were completely connected through a single component and the annual increase in size of these inter-country networks was due to new countries joining the periphery of the network. Conclusions: We found a positive correlation between international and inter-institutional collaboration and the number of citations received by articles on smoking research. The number of citations per year remained constant throughout the 5-year study period.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer los patrones de colaboración científica internacional y la visibilidad que genera la coautoría de artículos sobre tabaquismo en relación a países, a través del Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-Expanded) en el periodo de 1999 a 2003. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron los artículos de colaboración sobre tabaquismo entre países en SCI-Expanded (1999-2003). Se analizaron las redes de colaboración subyacente entre países, comparando su productividad (número de artículos producidos), su visibilidad (número de citas recibidas) y centralidad (grado nodal, intermediación y proximidad). Resultados: Se recuperaron 3.484 artículos en los que habían participado 5.008 instituciones de 79 países. Reino Unido fue el más productivo, seguido de Alemania y Francia. Reino Unido fue, asimismo, el país que publicó más artículos (570) de colaboración interinstitucional, seguido de Estados Unidos y Alemania. Sin embargo, Estados Unidos fue el que publicó más artículos en colaboración internacional, seguido de Reino Unido y Francia. Todos los países recibieron más citas por sus artículos de colaboración interinstitucional o internacional que por los publicados sin ningún tipo de colaboración. Las redes de colaboración se encuentran completamente conectadas en un único componente, y el aumento que experimenta anualmente el tamaño de estas redes entre países se realiza a expensas de países nuevos en la periferia de la red. Conclusión: Existe una correlación positiva entre la colaboración internacional e interinstitucional y el número de citas que recibe un artículo. La citación de artículos se mantiene constante a lo largo del periodo analizado.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of scientific collaboration and the visibility generated by coauthorship of articles on smoking among different countries on a world-wide basis through the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-expanded) from 1999 to 2003. Material and methods: We selected articles on smoking resulting from collaboration among different countries in the SCI-Expanded (1999-2003). The underlying networks of collaboration among countries were analyzed by comparing production (number of articles published), visibility (number of citations received) and centrality (node degree, intermediation and proximity). Results: A total of 3,484 articles were obtained, in which 5,008 institutions from 79 countries participated. The most productive country was the United Kingdom, with Germany and France in the second and third places. The United Kingdom also published the largest number of articles with inter-institutional collaboration (570 articles), with the USA and Germany in second and third places. The USA published the largest number of articles with international collaboration with the United Kingdom and France in the second and third places. All countries received a greater number of citations for articles resulting from international and inter-institutional collaboration than for those performed without collaboration. Networks of collaboration were completely connected through a single component and the annual increase in size of these inter-country networks was due to new countries joining the periphery of the network. Conclusions: We found a positive correlation between international and inter-institutional collaboration and the number of citations received by articles on smoking research. The number of citations per year remained constant throughout the 5-year study period.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer los patrones de colaboración científica internacional y la visibilidad que genera la coautoría de artículos sobre tabaquismo en relación a países, a través del Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-Expanded) en el periodo de 1999 a 2003. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron los artículos de colaboración sobre tabaquismo entre países en SCI-Expanded (1999-2003). Se analizaron las redes de colaboración subyacente entre países, comparando su productividad (número de artículos producidos), su visibilidad (número de citas recibidas) y centralidad (grado nodal, intermediación y proximidad). Resultados: Se recuperaron 3.484 artículos en los que habían participado 5.008 instituciones de 79 países. Reino Unido fue el más productivo, seguido de Alemania y Francia. Reino Unido fue, asimismo, el país que publicó más artículos (570) de colaboración interinstitucional, seguido de Estados Unidos y Alemania. Sin embargo, Estados Unidos fue el que publicó más artículos en colaboración internacional, seguido de Reino Unido y Francia. Todos los países recibieron más citas por sus artículos de colaboración interinstitucional o internacional que por los publicados sin ningún tipo de colaboración. Las redes de colaboración se encuentran completamente conectadas en un único componente, y el aumento que experimenta anualmente el tamaño de estas redes entre países se realiza a expensas de países nuevos en la periferia de la red. Conclusión: Existe una correlación positiva entre la colaboración internacional e interinstitucional y el número de citas que recibe un artículo. La citación de artículos se mantiene constante a lo largo del periodo analizado.